What is semen? Semen is a white or grey liquid that emitted from the urethra (tube in the penis) on ejaculation. Generally each millilitre of semen contains millions of spermatozoa (sperm) even but the majority of the volume consists of secretions of the glands into the male reproductive organs. The purpose of semen is merely for reproduction and as a vehicle to carry the spermatozoa into the female reproductive tract. even though ejaculation of semen accompanies orgasm and sexual pleasure erection and orgasm are both controlled by separate mechanisms and semen emission is not critical for enjoyable sex in most people. Temporary and Lifestyle Causes of Low Sperm Count practically any major physical or mental stress can provisionally reduce sperm count. Some common conditions here that lower sperm count, in the short term in nearly all cases, include the following: 1. Emotional Stress. Stress may actually interfere with the hormone GnRH and reduce sperm counts. 2. Sexual Issues. In less than 1% of males with the Infertility problems, a problem that with sexual intercourse or technique will affect the fertility. 3. Impotence, premature ejaculation, or psychologic or relationship such problems can contribute to infertility and although these conditions are usually very treatable. 4. Lubricants used with condoms by including spermicides, oils, and Vaseline, can totally affect fertility. If you need a sperm friendly lubricant but the choice of many couples trying to get pregnant is Pre-Seed. Numerous glands present in the testicles, epididymes, Seminal vesicles, Prostate gland, Bulbourethral and urethral glands here secrete the liquid portion of semen or seminal plasma. The quantity of ejaculated semen will be even more when there is a prolonged abstinence. The quantity of semen will be really less when there are very frequent ejaculations. If the quantity of semen is less than 1.5 ml frequently then the condition is called as hypospermia. If the quantity of sperm is more than 6ml all the time then the condition is known as hyperspermia. Oligospermia 芒?? low sperm count has such many different causes but as many different medical conditions can reduce sperm count. These conditions also include toxins in food, using tobacco, alcohol, too warm clothes, and some medications. Oligospermia causes get include Testosterone supplements, anabolic steroids and some other drugs. Even just using personal lubricants and lotions during sex can cause oligospermia. To prevent oligospermia we generally recommend to use multivitamin complex, which provides the selenium, zinc, folic acid and vitamins C and E, for optimal sperm production and proper function, reduce stress and watch your weight then . Making regular exercises is always the best prevention for low sperm count. There are not so many real medical oligospermia treatments. These medications actually include hoemeopathic and herbal pills. One of them it is a well-known Speman. It promotes the spermatogenesis by improving the testicular, seminal vesicle and epididymal functions. Speman effectively Improves the sperm concentration and the quality of semen by increasing the LH-FSH, producing basophil cells in the pituitary. Speman is actually a herbalmineral fomula that has shown excellent results in the cases of common benign prostate enlargement. More on Male Health and Improve sexual performance and Male Conmex Serum

What to print everywhere: Nature always has a cure for the diseases it creates. And one such recently discovered natural cure of cancer is found in Aloe Vera. Aloe Vera is plant grown in the African countries and is known for centuries to counter a million diseases including cancer. I am not going to make you read the whole biology subject about aloe vera and cancer but here I have explained it in simple terms understandable to almost anyone. You have 200 different types of cell in your body, which usually all live, grow and multiply in harmony. For example, you always have just the right number of liver cells and white blood cells because there are many different signals that control how much and how often your cells divide. If any of these signals are faulty or missing, a cell may start to grow and multiply too much - the beginning of cancer. This can happen in almost any type of cell, anywhere in your body. That’s why there are many types of cancer like breast cancer, cervix cancer, etc, each word refers to the place where the uncontrolled growth has taken place. We don’t need to discuss cancer here, as most of you reading this article are already suffering or have a kin who is suffering from cancer. What we need to discuss is the natural cure for cancer that is Aloe Vera and how it can cure cancer. It is clear from research conducted throughout the world over the past thirty years that Aloe Vera and, in particular, certain specific substances in the plant - have very dramatic and impressive anti-cancer effects. Aloe Vera has been demonstrated to enhance the immune system’s response to cancer, promote the growth of new and healthy cells, and reduce the overall viral load within the body thereby revitalizing the body in its fight against the cancer. Aloe vera use can double the number of both “killer” and “helper” T-cells within three weeks and at the same time reduce the P-24 core antigen - the overall indicator of viral load in the body. Interferon and interleukin production is stimulated, attacking the cancer and viruses in the body. Lectins and emodines are two anti-tumor chemicals in Aloe vera which, along with an increase in the tumor necrosis factor brought about by Aloe vera, begin to destroy malignant cancer tumors. So..less tumors means less cancer. Its said that the body is always fighting with cancer tumors, but these are minatures and have no effect on the body. This means that everyone around suffers from mild cancer. But its only when these cells multiply uncontrollably, its called cancer. This was all about cancer in pure lay-man’s terms and how it can be cured using Aloe Vera. HOW TO TAKE ALOE VERA IN CANCER During Cancer it is not advisable to take in raw aloe vera juice extracted from the leaves of the plant. This practice has proved fatal to many cancer patients. Taking aloe vera as a supplement is the most promoted and correct way of taking in aloe vera during cancer. And when we talk about Aloe vera supplements, then according to me only Aloeride is made up to the pharmaceutical standards which are unmatchable. I reccommend taking of Aloeride during cancer, though you can try other commercially avaliable products, but the speed of action and quality of result which one can get using Aloeride can never be matched by any other product. I always prefer the market leader. Remember, if you want to buy Aloeride then buy only through the official website of Aloeride.Click here to buy Aloeride RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE www.buyaloeride.tk - Buy Aloeride www.aloe.co.nr - Official Website of Joe Bidder ABOUT THE AUTHOR Joe is researching about Aloe Vera and its uses in various fields of medicine since the last 5 years. His recent researches include the usage of Aloe Vera to cure cancer.Joe’s interest in Aloe Vera arose when he was 13 years old and suffered from severe Acne and Irritable Bowel Syndrome and used aloe vera for his benefit. Joe Bidder can be reached at www.aloe.co.nr or at joebidder123@gmail.com

THE DONOR BANK There are two processes that occur simultaneously in the balding individual. One is androgenetic alopecia, i.e. the patterned hair loss programmed to affect only certain hair follicles in susceptible individuals, and hair loss due to aging itself, which to some degree affects all hair in everyone. The donor region in the back of the scalp where hair is traditionally harvested from has been optimistically called the “permanent zone”; however, this zone is far from permanent. It may be spared from the process of genetic balding, but it is surely affected by the aging process itself. It seems that on the average the donor site thins at least 30% over one?s lifetime due to simple aging. In some men with extensive balding, the permanent hair seems to be affected by the genetic process as well, and when these two processes occur together, the decrease in donor density can be marked with counts occasionally falling below one hair/mm2. This process is probably analogous to the extensive diffuse thinning seen occasionally in women. The continued loss of hair in the permanent zone over time must, of course, be accounted for in the planning of the hair transplant and in giving a realistic prediction to the patient of the long-term stability of the transplanted hair. Two major factors determine the amount of hair that can be safely removed from the donor area. The first is donor density, and the second is scalp laxity. The importance of accurately assessing donor density cannot be over emphasized. At the initial consultation, density determinations are made from a representative area in the permanent zone where the donor strip might be harvested. If there is significant clinical variability in the donor density or scarring due to prior surgery, then multiple measurements are taken. These numbers are used in the initial planning of the procedure. At the time of surgery, the density is measured again, calculations are taken to determine the length and width of the donor strip, and the area is then prepped and shaved. The shaved donor site is then inspected for irregularities of density due to natural variability and those resulting from scarring due to past procedures. Multiple determinations are made again and averaged to accurately assess the density. Our experience has shown that the gross visual impression of density is often at variance from the true density by a factor of up to 35% and is far too imprecise to be useful in surgical planning. Scalp laxity is a more subjective measurement, but with experience can be estimated with a reasonably high degree of accuracy. Judging scalp mobility by simply moving the scalp up and down with the hand or tenting of the skin between the fingers are the two obvious means of assessing laxity. Also useful is noting the thickness of the scalp (an abundance of subcutaneous fat makes for a mobile scalp) and observing the configuration (contour) of the cranial bones. Prominent mastoid processes and occipital notches decrease the ability to easily close a horizontal incision. We use a Rassman knife that when fully loaded with 8 blades produces a strip 21mm in width. By removing blades, one can harvest strips of 18mm, 15mm, 12mm, 9mm and so on. Generally, the widest strip that can be harvested without producing undue tension during closure should be used. If a strip is too narrow, then its length must be increased to yield the same amount of hair and a longer incision produces more donor site scarring and distortion. If a strip is too wide, then tension on the wound edge may result in dehiscence, infection, excessive post-operative discomfort, prolonged wound healing or a hypertrophic or spread scar. In general, the greatest degree of tension occurs over the mastoid processes, and great care should be taken when estimating scalp mobility in this location. If it is anticipated that this area will be a limiting factor in the harvest, then it is best to use a more conservative width and excise a longer strip. In patients having a very prominent occipital protuberance, the greatest tension may be at the midline. In this situation one may either remove a blade to narrow the width as one extends medially or to harvest an additional strip on one or both sides freehand. On occasion, when a patient with a prominent ridge has had multiple previous surgeries, the strip is harvested in two separate pieces neither extending to the midline. The plane of dissection should be just below the hair follicles in the superficial fat to avoid damaging the larger nerves and blood vessels which lie deep in the subcutaneous layer, just above the galea apounurotica. If possible, the galea should not be violated as this fibrous band serves as the structural support of the wound closure and prevents its spread. Suturing a transected galea will never approach the strength of the membrane left intact. In addition, dissection in the subcutaneous layer avoids the necessity of a layered closure and its associated foreign body reaction. In very large sessions where up to 50 square centimeters of scalp may be removed and the incision length can be 30 cm, the importance of superficial dissection and leaving the galea intact cannot be over emphasized. In addition, we never undermine. In the rare instance where the wound edges cannot be approximated, it is better left to heal by secondary intention rather than to risk damaging hair follicles, blood vessels or nerves. Any cosmetically unacceptable scar can easily be removed in the future after the scalp tension has decreased. We also do not electrodessicate. Bleeding generally occurs at the wound edges and is controlled with a running cutaneous suture. On rare occasion, a larger vessel is ligated using 4-0 Vicryl, if it would not be incorporated easily in the closure. We use a single running suture of 2-0 polypropylene. The sutures are generally left in place for two weeks. However, if there is significant tension during the closure then these sutures may be left in place for three or more weeks as polypropylene produces little tissue reactivity. The entire length of the suture line is kept covered continually with a topical antibiotic in an ointment base (Bacitracin). At the time of suture removal, the sutures should protrude slightly above the scalp surface which indicates that edema and inflammation have significantly subsided. This is in sharp contrast to sutures left in glaborous skin, which become progressively more embedded the longer they are left in place. In patients without penicillin sensitivity, we pre-medicate with Dicloxacillin 1gm PO, 1 hour prior to surgery, and then a second dose of 500mg PO 6 hours later if there was excessive bleeding, or wound tension.4 In determining the position of the donor incision, it is best to assume that the patient may become a Norwood Class 7; therefore, the hair transplant surgeon should place the upper blade of the rake at least 1cm below the lowest point of possible hair loss. This will allow for coverage of the scar in the worst case scenario. As the incision extends laterally, it should be at least 1 cm superior to the top of the ear. It is important to stay very superficial in this area, especially as one extends the incision towards the temples, as the parietal branch of the superficial temporal artery and vein as well as branches of the auriculotemporal nerve lie very close to the undersurface of the dermis in this location.5 The excision should not extend anteriorly to a position closer than 3 cm from the hairline. Some patients may have extensive bitemporal recession, and this should be anticipated by carefully assessing the extent of the patient?s current recession, the degree of miniaturization at the free edge, and the family history. Traditional surgical techniques have often left a “step-ladder” pattern of scarring in the donor area. When there is a preexisting horizontal linear scar (or scars), the scar may be totally avoided, totally incorporated into the new strip, or incorporated into one edge of the new incision. If the scar is in a position where it is already placed too high and may possibly be exposed with further balding, it is best avoided. If the scar had been placed too low, it is also best avoided to reduce the chance of hypertrophic scarring. Also if the donor area is relatively tight from prior surgery and if the scar is not visible, it may be left in place, as removing it will only increase wound tension. Avoiding the scar will maximize the yield of hair for that particular procedure. One may totally incorporate the scar if it is clinically visible and if there is enough laxity to remove it and still obtain the desired amount of hair. It is critically important to ascertain why the patient scarred in the first place. If the scar was a result of poor surgical technique and the problem can be identified and corrected, then excising it may be appropriate. If the scar (either stretched or hypertrophic) was due to the intrinsic healing properties of the individual (as seen in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome), then the scar is best avoided, because removing it will further increase wound tension, and the problem will most likely reoccur. It is important to assess the impact of the scarring on the average donor density as small amounts of scarring can significantly decrease hair yield due to distortion of follicles in the surrounding area. In the majority of instances, we opt for the third choice i.e., using the previous scar as the upper or lower boarder of the new excision. We will remove all but approximately 1.5 mm of the width of the scar to allow the suturing to be limited to the scarred area and not to extend into viable hair bearing scalp. In this way the amount of distortion and possible damage to existing hair is limited to only one free edge. Strip Length Accurately estimating the size of the donor strip and the amount of hair that it will contain is more difficult in follicular transplantation but also more important because of the large tissue requirements. We find that precise measurements are essential in this regard. As in the assessment of density, a clinical “feeling” about the size of the strip needed is far too imprecise to be relied upon to guide the surgery. To calculate the length of the donor strip we use the following equation (A), or its derivative (B): (A) Strip Leangth(cm) = # of Hairs Transplanted/(Donon Density/mm2)(1-DS)(1-CF)(# of Strips X 0.3cm) X 100 Density and Donor Supply An accurate assessment of the total moveable donor reservoir of hair is critical for long-term planing. In our experience, the average donor density for all patients (both bald and non -bald) seeking a consultation for hair restoration surgery have an average donor density of 2 hairs/mm2. In general, for individuals with straight hair of average diameter, the donor density must be at least 1 hair/mm2 in order to adequately cover the donor area and not have it appear too thin. A density of 1 hair/mm2 is also the minimal density needed to hide an average donor scar. If a patient has wavy or thick hair the minimum density may be slightly less and in patients with very fine, straight hair the minimum density will be more. The limitations placed upon the amount of harvestable donor hair due to these minimal density requirements needed to cover the donor area, create a relationship between donor density and donor reservoir that is not one to one. A unit change in donor density away from the norm will produce a two-fold change in the availability of transplantable hair. For example, compared to the average person (with a donor density of 2.0), a balding individual with a donor density of 2.7 (which is a 35% increase) will have 70% more hair available to transplant. Conversely, a person with a donor density of 1.3 will have 70% less transplantable hair, and may not be a candidate for surgery regardless of his Norwood classification. If he were to bald extensively, almost any type of surgical hair restoration would leave him desperately short of hair and short on coverage in the donor area. Unless the hair restoration surgeon is aware of this relationship, miscalculations will be made when relying on absolute donor density in assessing total donor supply. The importance of using the densitometer in assessing donor supply cannot be overemphasized. With multiple procedures, each harvest decreases the remaining donor density, and this measurement, together with the decrease in scalp laxity, will give a good indication of what can be achieved in the subsequent surgery. Women with non-patterned diffuse alopecia often have donor densities in the range of 1.0 to 1.5, and for similar reasons are also not good candidates for transplantation. PREPARATION, HANDLING, AND PROJECTION of THE FOLLICULAR IMPLANTS The basic concept in dissection is to identify the patient?s natural hair groupings and to isolate individual follicular units. A delicate balance must be reached between the goal of having the implant purely follicular and leaving enough peri-adventitial stroma to ensure that the implant is not damaged and hair is not wasted. This balance is achieved through the extensive experience of a highly motivated staff that are trained specifically for this task. Because the implants are so small, they are more sensitive to desiccation and temperature change. Therefore, handling and quality control at every level of the procedure are crucial to obtaining good results. The initial harvest scores the strip just below the level of the hair follicles into 0.3 cm wide longitudinal sections with each attached to the other by the loose connective tissue of the subcutaneous layer. The sections are cut into pieces 1 cm in length. Each piece is then further subdivided, and the follicular units are identified, under magnification, and dissected free of surrounding skin. We prefer a #10 Personna blade and cut on tongue depressors that have been soaked in sterile water (not saline) until they are ready to be used. Immediately before use the excess water is removed with a piece of gauze. The purpose of soaking is to help maintain the moisture of the implants and to prevent the tongue depressors from absorbing water from the saline soaked implants, thereby increasing the relative concentration of the saline. Dissection of the follicular units is the most labor intensive and critical part of the follicular implantation process. We use up to 12 highly trained cutters to produce the implants for a single large case. Proper planning of the recipient area is absolutely dependent upon accurate information regarding the yield of the donor harvest. The dilemma in planning is that waiting until all the units are dissected before implanting extends the length of the surgery beyond medical feasibility and starting before the surgeon has information about the total number of 1, 2 and 3 hair units, limits the ability to make precise decisions regarding size, density and distribution of the recipient sites. Although it would seem that information gleaned from pre-operative densitometry measurements together with the patient?s hair characteristics and the calculations described above would be adequate for the creation of the recipient sites, in actuality, once the dissection begins, new crucial information is obtained. For example, patients with gray-white hair can have either dark or light roots. In the latter case, due to decreased visibility, the cutters must leave more stroma around the units, increasing the implant size. As a result, a two-hair implant might require the same size site as a three-hair unit. On the other hand, in patients with fine hair, two hair units may be placed in a site made to accommodate single hairs. In patients with kinky hair, the hair shaft is often so curved below the level of the skin that close dissection of the units is impossible… but sometimes it is not, and the kinky hair behaves during dissection as if it were straight. In all cases, the smallest possible site is used for the respective implant in order to minimize injury to the recipient site and to allow for the very close placement of the follicular units. In order to take into account these variables, the staff is instructed to take random pieces from the cut strip, and representative units are matched with sample sites. Placing of sites is then limited to the frontal hairline until the first projection of the implants is made (Table 2). Accurate projections of the total number of units that will be obtained from the donor harvest are critical for the correct placement of the sites with respect to size, density and distribution, allowing the creation of sites to proceed while the cutting is still in progress. Table 2. Projection Worksheet. A sample of the projection worksheet used by our staff. In the example that follows, a strip removed with an eight bladed scalpel measuring 2.1cm x 24.2cm was subdivided into 142 pieces prior to dissection. PROJECTION WORKSHEET Patient?s Name ___________________ Date _________ Suite #______ Case Organizer _________________ Count #: _____ CUT: ____ corners _____ pieces TOTAL: _____ corners ______ pieces Cutters: 1?s 2?s 3?s 4?s TFU?s 1 ____ ____ ____ ____ 2 ____ ____ ____ ____ 3 ____ ____ ____ ____ 4 ____ ____ ____ ____ 5 ____ ____ ____ ____ 6 ____ ____ ____ ____ 7 ____ ____ ____ ____ 8 ____ ____ ____ ____ 9 ____ ____ ____ ____ 10 ____ ____ ____ ____ 11 ____ ____ ____ ____ 12 ____ ____ ____ ____ sum of cut pieces: ____ ____ ____ ____ = ______ number of cut pieces: ____ average units per piece: ____ ____ ____ ____ = ______ average x total pieces ____ ____ ____ ____ = ______ corners (2) ____ ____ ____ ____ = ______ Total Projected ____ ____ ____ ____ = ______ Instructions To project the number of follicular units (FU?s): 1. Cut both corners and then begin to cut pieces. 2. Take an estimate after both corners and approximately 20% of the pieces have been cut and subsequent counts as required by the size of the case. 3. Count 1, 2, 3, 4 and Total FU?s of corners and keep these numbers separate. 4. Count 1, 2, 3, 4 and Total FU?s, of the cut pieces, divide by the number of pieces cut to find the average number of units per piece. Then multiply the average of each piece by the total number of pieces. 3. Add 1, 2, 3, 4 and Total FU?s of corners + projected 1, 2, 3, 4 and total FU?s of pieces = PROJECTION. Both the cut pieces and individual implants are held in 0.9% Saline chilled to 59of. They are never out of chilled solution longer than 3-5 minutes. The placers rest a small amount of follicular units on back of the opposite hand used to hold the forceps. The placers wear powder-free gloves and place gauze under the glove beneath the area where the moistened implants will lie to prevent heat transfer from the hand into the implants. Implants are inserted with curved jewelers forceps. At the beginning of the placing, each assistant will determine his placing speed, which depends upon their skill and the patient?s specific hair and scalp characteristics. Once they have determined their speed for the specific case, it is easy for them to determine the amount of grafts that can be safely handled at any one time. Hydrogen peroxide is very effective in removing residual blood from the scalp and acting as a mild hemostatic agent through a variety of possible mechanisms,7 and although it seems to produce little significant toxicity in normal usage, we exercise great caution during follicular transplantation and avoid its direct use on viable tissue. Fortunately, hydrogen peroxide is rapidly broken down to oxygen and water. In order to minimize its contact with the implants or with open wounds, we never spray or apply peroxide directly to the scalp. We use a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution diluted to 1 part hydrogen peroxide to 4 parts water, making an effective concentration of hydrogen peroxide of 0.6%. Any bleeding in the recipient area is stopped by applying direct pressure with dry gauze, not with peroxide. After the bleeding has subsided, 3×3 gauze is sprayed with the diluted peroxide and then applied to the skin to remove residual blood. DESIGN of THE RECIPIENT AREA In Follicular Implantation, we use five major elements to guide the creation of the recipient sites: 1) produce a natural pattern 2) frame the face and spare the crown 3) eliminate contrast 4) have the hair emerge at natural angles 5) and have a natural distribution of follicular units. Although an in-depth discussion on design is beyond the scope of this article, we would like to briefly explain the importance of these elements. Natural Pattern To a large extent, the correct template for hairline placement, hair distribution, and density has already been supplied by nature. The closer one follows the pattern set by nature, the more natural the hair restoration will appear. A hair transplant no matter how dense or how perfectly executed will look artificial unless it produces a look that others can recognize as one they had seen before. Just as the follicular implant attempts to mimic the way hair grows in nature on a microscopic level, the overall design of the follicular implantation should strive to mimic nature on a gross level. The power of “The Isolated Frontal Forelock” recently described by Marritt and Dzubow8 lies in the fact that they identified a pattern seen in nature that was reproducible within the limits of the patient?s donor supply. However, the use of larger grafts for the dense posterior component limits the amount of available donor hair, and creates a natural look only when disguised by the anterior component. The main limitation of flaps and scalp reductions (even in the best of circumstances where there are no complications) are that although they achieve high density, there is no natural counterpart to the distribution they produce. Flaps bring the patient?s donor density to the frontal hairline, with a sharp demarcation anteriorly and posteriorly, a pattern never seen in nature. This area of high density must then be supported by a similar density around it to look natural and, of course, if the patient had enough hair to accomplish this, he wouldn?t have needed hair restoration in the first place. The scalp reduction, although appealing on a superficial level (”remove the bald area so there will be less area to transplant”), violates the same rules of nature as does the flap. A scar is placed in an area that should have light coverage (if any), the direction of hair is changed, the pattern of future balding of that crown will be altered, and donor density is decreased. In effect, scalp reductions are a “crown transplant” and thereby reduce the hair available for the cosmetically more important front. We feel that the optimal way to plan a hair transplant procedure would be to first assess the patient?s present pattern of loss and to anticipate his possible future pattern (considering his present age and familial hair loss patterns) using the worst case scenario as a reference point. Next, determine a person?s total donor reservoir of hair (taking into account absolute donor density, degree of miniaturization, hair groupings and scalp mobility). Then, carefully analyze his specific hair characteristics which affect the appearance of fullness and naturalness (such as wave, hair shaft diameter and skin/hair color contrast). With this information in hand , one can realistically plan how far back in time one can go along his hair loss continuum, given the patient?s particular resources. For example, a 55 year old Norwood Class 4 with a donor density of 2.3 and 20% miniaturization in the donor area and wavy hair, may be safely restored to a Class 3 using 1700 follicular units (Table 3). On the other hand, a 23 year old Class 5 patient with a donor density of 1.9 and 35% miniaturization in the donor site, with fine, straight hair should be restored to a Class 3 Vertex, rather than a regular Class 3. using 1500 follicular units. In this situation, we would use 1500 follicular units and leave the crown untreated. If he were to bald extensively, he might end up years later with an isolated tuft of hair in the crown, without enough donor reserves to complete the hair transplant. Frame The Face and Spare The Crown The patient judges the success of his hair restoration by its ability to enhance his appearance, which is in large part based upon the ability of keeping his facial features in proportion. In this regard, the second important element in proper planning is to make every effort to “frame the face”. Transplants which add density to a hairline placed too high (in the hope of conserving donor hair) only accentuate the patient?s baldness by elongating a bald forehead. It frames the forehead rather than the face. We generally place the frontal hairline one fingerbreadth (2cm) above the uppermost brow wrinkle (mature hairline). It is important to differentiate this from the patient?s original hairline which sits directly above the brow wrinkles, lacks bitemporal recession, and should not be used as a landmark for planning the hair transplant. When the donor supply is limited, it is much better to compromise towards the crown than to compromise the critically important position of the frontal hairline. The decision to transplant the crown is an important one, because compared to other areas of balding, it is the least visible but occupies the greatest area. The progressively balding crown can produce huge demands upon the donor supply, and because this area is also the least stable, hair must always be reserved for this eventuality. Furthermore, the crown expands centrifugally, rather than in the predominantly anterior-posterior direction of the front and top, with the center of the crown always having the least amount of hair and being surrounded by areas of increasing densities. Because of this, any hair placed in the center of a balding crown can result in an island of hair surrounded by a moat of bald skin. To correct this, hair of increasing density must be added around it to be aesthetically balanced, consuming vast amounts of hair that could be better saved for the front. Because of these issues, we generally reserve treatment of the crown for older patients with above-average donor density and stable hair loss of Class 3 Vertex, Class 4, and Class 5, or patients of Norwood Class 6 with high donor density and good scalp mobility (Table 3). If extensive balding is a possibility, it is always best to treat the crown as an extension of the top, rather than as an isolated region to ensure that you will not be short of hair if the intervening region were to bald. REFERENCES 1. Headington JT: Transverse Microscopic Anatomy of the Human Scalp. Arch Dermatol 1984; 120:450. 2. Rassman WR, Pomerantz MA: The Art and Science of Minigrafting. International Journal of Aesthetic and Restorative Surgery 1993; 1:28-29. 3. Stough, DB: International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery, Third Annual Meeting 1995; Verbal Communication. 4. Haas AF, Grekin RC: Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Dermatologic Surgery. JAAD 1995; 32:155-164. 5. Salasche SJ, Bernstein G, Senkarik M. Surgical Anatomy of the Skin. Norwalk, Connecticut: Appleton and Lange, 1988 pp 176-177. 6. Rassman WR, Carson S: Micrografting in Extensive Quantities, The Ideal Hair Restoration Procedure. Dermatologic Surgery 1995; 21:306-311 7. Larson PO: Topical Hemostatic Agents for Dermatologic Surgery. J Dermatolgic Surg. Oncol. 14:6 1988. 8. Marritt E, Dzubow L: The Isolated Frontal Forelock. Dermatologic Surgery 1995;21523-538. 9. Transplant Videografting System of the Professional Hair Institute; displayed at the International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery, Third Annual Meeting 1995. Dr. Bernstein is Clinical Professor of Dermatology at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University in New York. He is recognized world wide for pioneering Follicular Unit Hair Transplantation. Dr. Bernstein?s hair restoration center in Manhattan is devoted to the treatment of hair loss using his state-of-the-art hair transplant techniques.

Eliminate Contrast The next element in planning the follicular transplantation is the elimination of contrast. We have already gone to great lengths to illustrate how eliminating contrast on the “micro” level is important, i.e. eliminating the contrast between the individual graft and the surrounding skin. It is equally important to eliminate contrast on the “macro” level, i.e. between one part of the scalp and the other. One of the most striking features about the balding process is that practically all of the Norwood Class A patients look aesthetically worse than their regular Norwood counterparts. In fact, most Norwood Class A patients look worse than patients in the next higher Norwood Class, in spite of the fact that those patients have more hair. Thus, a Norwood Class 4A often looks worse than a Class 5, and a Norwood Class 5A often worse than a Class 6. Clinically, we find that the Class A patients are often the most distraught over their hair loss and benefit most from the hair transplant procedure. The reason for this is simple. In the Class A patient, there is the greatest contrast between the hair bearing area and the totally bald scalp. Curly or wavy hair increases the clinical appearance of density. In the regular Norwood classes, a curly or wavy haired patient will look less bald, because any slight coverage on top will be magnified by the character of the hair. In contradistinction, curly or wavy hair will make the Class A patient look more bald, because in this patient it will accentuate the contrast. The same reasoning helps to explain why an older patient looks better as a Class 6 than a younger patient. The younger patient has had patterned androgenetic effects causing hair loss in the bald area. His donor density is essentially unchanged. The older patient, however, has had hair loss due to both patterned androgenetic balding as well as loss due to the aging process itself, the latter affecting the “permanent zone”. In addition, the older patient has a higher degree of miniaturization in the donor area, which further reduces the contrast. Furthermore, the younger patient with higher donor density will look more bald than his Norwood counterpart with lower density. In patients of all ages where the bald area is too extensive to be covered by adjacent hair, the patient?s cosmetic appearance is generally enhanced by keeping the hair short, which is just another means of decreasing the contrast between the two areas. Fortunately, the higher the density of the permanent zone, the worse the bald areas look in comparison, but the more hair there is available to transplant. In a sense, hair transplants do not add hair, they decrease contrast by moving hair around. Angulation The single most useful clue to proper angulation is to observe the patient?s existing hair. Even in very bald areas, a few vestigial hairs will often indicate the original orientation of the terminal hair. When this information is not available, the safest direction to follow, aside from the crown, is generally forward. The majority of hair anterior to the crown points forward with the angle becoming more acute anteriorly. The direction of the frontal hairline is also forward, rather than radial, and only deviates significantly from this as one approaches the temples. Horizontal placement of the frontal hair is usually appropriate, regardless of the slope of the forehead. Follicular implantation provides almost unlimited freedom in choosing the angle at which the future hair will emerge from the scalp. This is because the mechanical forces facing the larger grafts placed at acute angles do not affect the follicular implant. The delicate swirl of the crown, the abrupt directional changes of the cowlick, and the sharp angulation of the temples, can all be re-created with follicular implants. The challenge is not merely creating these angles, but observing the myriad of patterns seen in nature so that this variety can be duplicated for our patients. Distribution In almost all cases of balding, there is a rationing of donor hair due to the necessity of covering an ever expanding recipient area with a much smaller, but finite, donor supply (Table 3). We try to evenly space the individual units in a random rather than grid-like pattern and always try to increase the density in the areas of cosmetic importance. In doing so, we remember the adage “To cover a baseball field with grass, use seed rather than sod….., and if you only have a limited amount, use it in the infield.” THE FUTURE We began this article by stating that “Follicular Transplantation is the logical end point of over 30 years of evolution in hair restoration surgery”. Although working at the follicular level may be an end point with regard to size, it by no means implies that our work is complete. We feel that four exiting new areas deserve mention. The first is the use of ultra-pulsed CO2 laser systems. The major advantage that lasers are purported to have over traditional slit and punch grafting is that they can create a slit while at the same time removing recipient tissue, like a punch. In follicular transplantation, the implant is already trimmed of excess tissue, therefore, this is of little value. In addition, the laser slit is far too large to grasp the tiny follicular implant. Most importantly, the laser seals the microscopic vasculature while removing tissue. It is the relative preservation of this critical recipient blood flow that makes follicular implantation such an appealing process and allows for the survival of extensive numbers of implants. As laser technology improves and the issues of spacing and thermal injury have been adequately addressed, the advantage of rapidly producing large numbers of uniform slits may make the laser a more valuable tool. The second is video-imaging. The video-imager9 is actually a sophisticated densitometer, and because of its very high resolution (up to 200X) and its photographic capabilities, it is a means by which implants can be assessed for physical damage, hair counts can be more accurate, and the question of graft survival and yield can be addressed in a scientific way. The third is cloning. Although still in its infancy, this technique gives rise to the possibility that the hair follicle may be cloned with minimal surrounding connective tissue to produce the ideal follicular implant. Besides having an unlimited donor supply, the surgeon could customize the size of the follicular unit to produce the perfect balance between density and naturalness in the various parts of the recipient scalp. Finally, the area of automation should have the greatest impact on hair restoration surgery in the near future. Follicular transplantation is a labor-intensive procedure making huge physical demands on the hair transplant surgeon and staff. Instrumentation currently being developed will streamline the entire process from the harvesting of the donor strip, to the insertion of the implants. With certainty, these future developments will increase the speed and lessen the manpower required in the hair transplant process. If they can also increase the quality of our results, we will have a better, more affordable treatment to offer our patients. GLOSSARY of TERMS Follicular Unit - the unit of tissue moved in the follicular transplantation process, consisting of a hair follicle, associated hair shafts and peri-folliculum. Follicular Implant - the follicular unit that has been placed in a recipient site created by a puncture wound just large enough to accommodate it. Follicular Transplantation - a method of hair restoration surgery by which follicular implants are harvested, prepared, and placed in accordance with long-term strategic planning of design to maximize the cosmetic benefit to the patient throughout his lifetime. Grafts - skin and hair moved in the hair transplantation process in which the transplanted tissue contains approximately the same ratio of follicles to skin present in the donor area. Mature Hairline - the adult hairline that has not yet shown the effects of genetic balding. At the midline of the forehead, it generally begins 2 cm above the uppermost brow wrinkle. Modified NoKor - a standard 18 gauge NoKor needle that has be modified so that the blade is 1 mm in diameter. Its specific use is for the creation of single hair recipient sites in patients with hair of average diameter and for one and two hair units in patients with fine hair. Miniaturization - the progressive diminution of hair shaft size often associated with the loss of pigment due to genetically determined effects of androgenic hormones on the hair follicle. Natural Hair Groupings - the number of hairs naturally growing together due to the anatomic fusion or association of individual hair shafts. These hairs may share anatomic structures and emerge from a single or adjacent follicular orifices. Original Hairline - the teenage or adolescent hairline which is generally flat, i.e., does not show bitemporal recession. REFERENCES 1. Headington JT: Transverse Microscopic Anatomy of the Human Scalp. Arch Dermatol 1984; 120:450. 2. Rassman WR, Pomerantz MA: The Art and Science of Minigrafting. International Journal of Aesthetic and Restorative Surgery 1993; 1:28-29. 3. Stough, DB: International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery, Third Annual Meeting 1995; Verbal Communication. 4. Haas AF, Grekin RC: Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Dermatologic Surgery. JAAD 1995; 32:155-164. 5. Salasche SJ, Bernstein G, Senkarik M. Surgical Anatomy of the Skin. Norwalk, Connecticut: Appleton and Lange, 1988 pp 176-177. 6. Rassman WR, Carson S: Micrografting in Extensive Quantities, The Ideal Hair Restoration Procedure. Dermatologic Surgery 1995; 21:306-311 7. Larson PO: Topical Hemostatic Agents for Dermatologic Surgery. J Dermatolgic Surg. Oncol. 14:6 1988. 8. Marritt E, Dzubow L: The Isolated Frontal Forelock. Dermatologic Surgery 1995;21523-538. 9. Transplant Videografting System of the Professional Hair Institute; displayed at the International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery, Third Annual Meeting 1995. Dr. Bernstein is Clinical Professor of Dermatology at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University in New York. He is recognized world wide for pioneering Follicular Unit Hair Transplantation. Dr. Bernstein?s hair restoration center in Manhattan is devoted to the treatment of hair loss using his state-of-the-art hair transplant techniques.

What if I told you that after learning about reverse osmosis water units, you will probably want to investigate other types of home water purification systems? The reason I say this is because I know, if you’re anything like me, you are concerned about the safety of the water that’s coming out of the faucets in your home. You’re probably looking at reverse osmosis systemes because they have been touted as one of the best methods for getting rid of all the contaminants that experts have told us are in our water. But just what are reverse osmosis water units and how do they work? The answer to those two questions are not as complicated as you might imagine. Reverse osmosis water units are water purification systems that work by forcing water, under pressure, through a pourous membrane that has been designed to catch and remove unwanted substances. When reverse osmosis systemes were first developed, they were found to be highly effective for the needs of the printing and photo industries, which required demineralized water. This type of water treatment was then adapted to meet the growing demand for residential water purification. However, when reverse osmosis water units are used in a residential capacity, it becomes apparent that there are several drawbacks which make them a questionable choice. First of all, not all contaminants are the same. The porous membrane used in reverse osmosis systemes is designed to remove contaminants based on their molecular size. If they are small enough, like some herbicides and pesticides, they make it through the membrane and into the usable water. If they are too large, like naturally ocurring minerals, they get tossed out along with 2 - 3 gallons of waste water. These minerals have been shown to be essential to our health. You can try to recover and treat the waste water, but it becomes an added expense. An additional, on-going expense comes from the add-on carbon filter that is needed to capture those contaminants that make it through the membrane. This filter requires frequent changing and replacement. Replacement filters for the main reverse osmosis water units can run as high as $800.00. All things considered, this water purification method can prove to be costly and maintenance-intensive. The good news is, however, reverse osmosis systemes are not your only choice when it comes to providing safe water for your home. There are many effective home water treatment products that can give you the purity and HEALTH that should come with every glass of water that you drink. For my money and convenience, I have found that water purification products that use a multi-stage filtration system can be counted upon to provide my family with safe, clean, healthy water for all our household uses. Drinking, cooking and bathing in this purified water means that we are protected from high chlorination levels and dangerous synthetic chemicals while getting the essential minerals we need for our good health. And the water tastes great! Finding these home water treatment systems are as easy as turning on your computer. You will find, like I did, plenty of quality home water purification systems, designed to meet the needs of your family, wallet and convenience. Now that you know what reverse osmosis water units are and how they work, take advantage of newer water purification technology that is better at meeting the needs of your household. Article written by Olivia Romero - “There are many reasons why we need clean, healthy water but there’s one that has to rank as the most important of all.” Visit http://www.cleancoolwater.com to find out what it is.

What are antioxidants? They are a very important ingredient needed to help our bodies ward off the free radicals that invade and try to take over in our bodies. Fruits and vegetables are our first line of defense against these invaders. They will help prevent cancers and other immune related diseases that invade and try to take up residence in our bodies. Did you know that when you peel potatoes and or slice an apple and they turn that brownish color almost immediately, that this is what free radicals do to your bodies? Now, if you add a splash of lemon or orange juice to these immediately after peeling or slicing they will not turn that brownish color. The same scenario can be found in your body. Pollution, toxins, smoking, and normal metabolism create those damaging free radicals - highly reactive molecules ready to pounce on any nearby molecule including proteins and DNA. Luckily, antioxidants from the foods you eat can protect your DNA and other molecules by stabilizing free radicals before they have a chance to strike, so you see these antioxidants are truly wonderful and amazing. You need about 4 to 5 cups of fresh fruits and vegetables on a daily basis to offer the most protection for our systems. Antioxidant Over-Achievers: Many foods contain antioxidant properties, but a few give you the most disease-fighting bang for your bite.Some of the best antioxidant all-stars include: berries, walnuts, pomegranate juice and grape juice, unsweetened baking chocolate. These are some of the best ones, but other fruits and vegetables provide us with antioxidants as well. By all means eat those salads on a daily basis, add walnuts, blueberries, strawberries, grapes of all colors, bananas, apple slices, dried cranberries, dried raisins, just to name few of the many ingredients to change and improve our diets with just eating a salad. Add fresh fruits to all of your meals, start your day with a fresh fruit juice and snack on different varieties and kinds of fruits daily. They need to be included with every meal and snack through out your day to get the 9 servings recommended. Do you see the importance of eating all of these fruits on a daily basis? Just remember the peeled potato or the sliced apples and think of your body and needing that added defense to protect itself against free radicals of which there are tons of them trying to invade at all times. Eat healthy and have that healthy body. Keep your defense system in the best possible shape to fight that every day battle of invaders of disease. Make your fresh fruits and fresh vegetables your daily medicines and feel and heal on a daily basisWhat are antioxidants? They are a very important ingredient needed to help our bodies ward off the free radicals that invade and try to take over in our bodies. Fruits and vegetables are our first line of defense against these invaders. They will help prevent cancers and other immune related diseases that invade and try to take up residence in our bodies. Did you know that when you peel potatoes and or slice an apple and they turn that brownish color almost immediately, that this is what free radicals do to your bodies? Now, if you add a splash of lemon or orange juice to these immediately after peeling or slicing they will not turn that brownish color. The same scenario can be found in your body. Pollution, toxins, smoking, and normal metabolism create those damaging free radicals - highly reactive molecules ready to pounce on any nearby molecule including proteins and DNA. Luckily, antioxidants from the foods you eat can protect your DNA and other molecules by stabilizing free radicals before they have a chance to strike, so you see these antioxidants are truly wonderful and amazing. You need about 4 to 5 cups of fresh fruits and vegetables on a daily basis to offer the most protection for our systems. http://www.irenekats.com/blog Offering tips for better health for all.

As we age, the skin and muscles of the face will often show the signs of aging. This can include wrinkles, skin that sags, loss of muscle tone and facial fat pads, droopy skin in the neck area, as well as drooping skin of the eyelids and eyebrows. The skin itself can suffer a great deal of damage due to sun exposure as well. If you are at a point where you wish to make some significant changes in your facial appearance, a Denver face lift could be a wonderful place to start. A face lift focuses attention on the cheeks, jowls and neck. The underlying facial muscles are tightened and the skin is smoothed, offering you a more youthful appearance of yourself. A Denver face lift can include other procedures done concurrently with the face lift procedure. Separate treatments are needed for eyelid and brow shaping, as well as lip refinement. Laser resurfacing of the skin is another option that many women choose, to help rejuvenate the skin to make it look healthy. Over time skin can droop around the eyelids, giving you a tired look. Because of this, many women choose an eyelid lift at the same time as their Denver face lift, although the procedure can be done as a stand-alone treatment for the eyelids. Puffy lowers lids can be smoothed, crows’ feet and other wrinkles erased, while excess upper eyelid skin can be removed, giving your face a more eyes open and fresh appearance. Lip refinement is another medical procedure that can also make a drastic difference for the better in your facial look. Many women have thin lips, and wrinkles called laugh lines can develop around the corners of the mouth. As people age the fat and collagen in the lips will be reduced, leading to wrinkling in the area. For all these reasons, lip refinement can provide an easy way to improve your lips. Botox can be injected into the area to create a fuller lip and also will help to reduce wrinkles. Fat grafting is another way to plump up lips and smooth wrinkles. If your skin has sun damage, a safe and effective way to improve its look is to undergo a resurfacing or laser treatment with a Denver face lift surgeon. The effect of the resurfacing procedure in part depends on how deeply the laser resurfaces the skin. A more dramatic effect can be achieved with a deeper treatment, but the recovery period is longer. A Denver face lift, taken by itself or accentuated with other facial cosmetic procedures, can help make you look the way you remember.

Which is the best tap water filter today? Which water filter can give 100% pure water? Which water filter can get rid of the different types of contaminants found in water today? You can find these questions everywhere. People know that the water they drink is not safe and they want to do something about it. However, choosing the right water filter is not easy if you do not know how water filters work and the right method to purify water. As you probably know, there are different methods available to purify water. Among these methods, reverse osmosis, point of use distillation, and active carbon filtration are the three most important and popular methods. So, you need to pick one from these three methods. Remember 鈥?no matter how sophisticated your tap water filter looks, it is no good if its water purification method is flawed. So, let us take a look at each of these methods and decide which one is the best. Point of use distillation is a little complex process. Water is first passed through a heated coil and is vaporized. Then it is passed through a cooling chamber where it condenses and becomes water again. In this process, the inorganic contaminants present in water are separated. However, the organic contaminants present in water are usually not disturbed during this process, thereby making distillation not a safe option. A point of use distillation tap water filter cannot guarantee you safe water. Reverse osmosis is one of the most popular methods used to purify water. A reverse osmosis tap water purifier has a semi permeable membrane and a finely porous layer through which the water passes during the filtration process. In this process, any substance whose molecular size is larger than the water molecule is blocked. However, the problem with RO is that there are contaminants like herbicides whose molecular size is smaller than the water molecule and so they are still present in the water you drink. So, this is not a 100% safe method either. Active carbon filtration uses activated carbon filters which are considered the best in water purification today. The USP of active carbon blocks is that they can get rid of any type of contaminant present in water. Most importantly, they retain the essential minerals present in water, which are required for your good health. Unfortunately, methods like reverse osmosis and distillation tend to destroy these essential minerals. This is the reason why physicians around the world suggest active carbon filters more than any other method. There you have it folks. All the details and the facts you need are here. The choice, however, is yours. Make a decision today and get yourself a good tap water purifier that can give you 100% pure water 鈥?all the time. Gordon Hall is fervent about enabling you and everyone to live a healthy lifestyle, and is an ardent reviewer of Water Purification Systems. Visit his website now at : http://www.water-safe-and-pure.com to discover which Water Purification Systems Gordon recommends after far ranging and extensive comparisons.

Nutritional Makeup of Acai There is a lot of excitement surrounding a small purple berry from the Amazon and it’s wonderful nutritional value. It can be hard to believe that a small berry with a diameter of only 2 cm can be a #1 superfood in the world, as explained by Oprah’s anti-aging and weight loss expert Dr. Nicholas Perricone. However, once you observe the nutritional profile of the acai berry you will see why it may be one of the most perfect foods the world has ever seen. What is in the Acai Berry? Simply put, the acai berry has the highest concentration of antioxidants than any other fruit available today. Acai has 10 times the antioxidant level of grapes and twice that of blueberries. Compared to red wine, Acai has between 10 and 30 times more Anthocyanins. The ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) score for 100 grams of freeze dried Sambazon Acai Powder is over 50,000. An almost unbelievable number when you consider that a large majority of the US population consumes less than 1,000 ORAC units a day. The Acai berry is very rich in healthy Omega fats. Nearly 50% of the Acai berry is fat - with 74% of the fat coming from healthy unsaturated fats such as Omega 3, Omega 6 and Omega 9. More than 7% of the weight of the Acai pulp is from amino acids. Almost 20 different amino acids have been identified in the acai berry. Since amino acids are the building blocks of protein, it is no surprise that you have over 8 grams of protein in every 100 gram serving of acai. Three plant sterols (or photosterols) have been identified in Acai. They are, B-sitosterol, campesterol and sigmasterol. Photosterols have been shown to have numerous health benefits for maintaining healthy heart and digestive function. Acai is also a great source of vitamins and minerals. Vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, C and E are all present in acai. In fact, acai contain just as much Vitamin C as blueberries and has over 1000 IU of Vitamin A in every 100 grams of acai. Additionally, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper and zinc are all found in acai. For being a fruit, acai has a strong fiber profile. There are about 14 grams of fiber in every 100 grams of freeze dried Acai powder. You would think something as good for you as acai would taste terrible. However, just the opposite is true. The acai berry has a berry and chocolate flavor that is truly unique and delicious. Acai is used in smoothies, deserts and can also be eaten by itself. For more information on the health benefits of acai.

Have you ever tried using tap water to make baby formula? If you have not, give yourself a pat on the back. If you have, please stop doing it right away. A lot of people are not aware of the health risks involved in using tap water for drinking or for cooking purposes. So, it is not uncommon to see people using tap water to clean vegetables and meat and for other cooking purposes. However, it is not advisable at all. Let us see why it is so. So, why is using tap water to make baby formula considered such a bad idea anyway? It is simple. The tap water that you use to make baby formula is contaminated beyond belief. It is not advisable to use tap water for drinking, cooking, or to even clean or wash your food items. There is a big list of waterborne diseases that you can get by using tap water. So, you should stay away from it. Before using tap water to make baby formula, you should know some of the 鈥榮tuff鈥?that is present in the tap water that you use. Prescription drugs, heavy metals, and pesticide and herbicide wastes are some of the commonly found items in tap water. Do you find it hard to believe? Actually, it is the truth. This is the reason why physicians and health experts across the country suggest using a water purifier to stay away from health problems. If you drink tap water and use it for cooking purposes, you are risking your health big time. You can get a number of diseases 鈥?right from amoebiasis to botulism and cholera. Just imagine 鈥?if this kind of risk is involved in drinking tap water, how can anyone think of using tap water to make baby formula? If an adult body is not suited for drinking contaminated water, what can we even say about a tiny little baby? This is the reason why it is considered really risky to use tap water to make baby food. The worst part is that it is not just about the diseases alone. Consuming contaminated water right from the beginning can have devastating effects on your baby鈥檚 normal growth 鈥?both mental and physical growth. It can hinder growth tremendously and can lead to so many other problems, some of which might be very serious in the future. In a nutshell 鈥?stop using tap water to make baby formula. So, what is the solution? The simplest, and the most obvious, solution is to get a good water purifier. Skin experts these days suggest that activated carbon filters are very good at removing contaminants from water. This method is considered better than reverse osmosis and point of use distillation as it not only destroys all types of contaminants present in water, but also retains the essential minerals present naturally in water - unlike the other two methods. The bottom line is simple. Stop using tap water to make baby formula or any other baby food for that matter. Get a good water purifier today and use pure water to ensure good health to you and your family. Gordon Hall is fervent about enabling you and everyone to live a healthy lifestyle, and is an ardent reviewer of Water Purification Systems. Visit his website now at : http://www.water-safe-and-pure.com to discover which Water Purification Systems Gordon recommends after far ranging comparisons.